Passage 3
The world is full of new horrors and there’s no place to hide. Who says so? Disaster psychologists, for a start. They are the people who take in the big picture of our collective reactions to human-created disaster, the ways these reactions are caused, and our coping mechanisms. And research into disaster psychology is growing fast.
Among the big issues being addressed by these researchers are understanding the terrorists’ weapons, assessing the full impact of terrorism—and, crucially, working out which psychological approaches actually work. It’s a deeply controversial area.
Take the work of Dennis Embry as an example. He argues that we have overlooked the obvious: the purpose of terrorism is to create terror. This works best “if the very symbols of everyday life become conditioned fear and anxiety stimulant”. The top targets will be the most symbolic of a nation’s daily life, preferably served up for prime-time television. Crashing planes from United and American Airlines into the Twin Towers and the Pentagon from 8.46 am on met those objectives all too perfectly. After the attacks, people stopped flying. Why? Not because they had made a rational risk assessment but because the mere thought of flying made their palms sweat.
From terrorism to rail crashes, counseling and “debriefing” (盘问) are the standard response to help those caught up in disasters. But there are growing doubts about their effectiveness. What might be going wrong? Debriefing focuses on getting people to talk through the trauma (损伤)and its emotional consequences soon after the incident. Could it be that some people are better by distancing themselves from what happened, rather than retelling it?
41. Disaster psychology refers to the study of how to __________.
A. avoid human-created disasters
B. cope with human reactions to disasters
C. reduce the worst natural disasters
D. prevent growing terrorism
42. The passage tells us that disaster psychology is __________.
A. a highly controversial area
B. a well-established science
C. not associated with terrorism
D. not a part of scientific study
43. According to Dennis Embry, how do terrorists reach their goals?
A. By overlooking the most obvious of everyday life.
B. By setting up new symbols for a nation’s daily life.
C. By turning symbols of everyday life into fear and anxiety stimulant.
D. Through hijacking big planes from the most famous international airlines.
44. Why do people usually stop flying after terrorist attacks?
A. Because they are terrified of flying.
B. Because they believe in rational risk assessment.
C. Because their palms will become too sweaty for them to fly.
D. Because they can’t decide which airline will be the safest.
45. Counseling and debriefing may not be effective methods because __________.
A. there is fierce controversy in this area
B. many research have proved this
C. some people may hide their true feelings
D. some people may feel better to forget the disaster
Passage 4
By the mid-nineteenth century, the term “icebox” had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of common citizens in the United States. As the time went on, ice was used in hotels, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861~1865), it came into household use. Even before 1880, half the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and one third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, an earlier form of the modern refrigerator, had been invented.
Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat was undeveloped. The common sense that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting (融化) was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. However, early efforts to save ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors find the ways needed for an efficient icebox.
But as early as 1803, a Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right way. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would refuse to buy the rapidly melting butter of the other farmers to pay a higher price for his butter, the butter still fresh and hard. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.
46. This passage is mainly about ______________.
A. the importance of the icebox in the mid-nineteenth century
B. the development and improvement of the icebox
C. how to make an efficient icebox
D. an important invention of a Maryland farmer
47. In paragraph 1, the word “forward-looking”(line 3) probably means ___________.
A. greedy B. generous
C. longing for greater profit D. having modem ideas
48. It can be inferred from the passage that after 1880 ____________.
A. ice began to be widely used in hospitals and hotels
B. ice began to affect the diet of common citizens in America
C. many American families had the icebox
D. one third of the ice sold in America went to families for their own use
49. In the early 19th century, most people believed that ____________.
A. it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling
B. the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting
C. to wrap the ice in blankets would keep the ice from doing its job
D. they lacked knowledge of the physics of heat
50. Customers would like to buy Thomas Moore’s butter because _______________.
A. his butter was fresh and hard
B. his butter was transported to market at night
C. his butter was rapidly melting
D. the price of his butter was lower
Part IV Cloze Test (15 minutes, 5 points)
Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.
Visitors to this country are normally admitted for six months, but foreign students can usually stay for one year. They must 51 an educational institution, and they are required to study for a minimum of fifteen hours a week on a 52 course. Prospective students have to show that they can afford their studies, and that they have sufficient 53 resources to support themselves 54 in this country.
In order to work here the foreigner needs a work permit, 55 must be applied for by his prospective employer. The problem here is that the Department of Employment has the right to grant or 56 these permits, and there is little that can be done 57 it; it would be extremely unwise for a foreign visitor to work 58 a permit, since anyone doing so is liable to immediate deportation (驱逐出境). There are some people from the Common Market countries, who are often given 59 residence permits of up to five years. Some other people, such as doctors, foreign journalists, authors and others can work without permits, and foreign students are normally allowed to 60 part-time jobs while they are studying here.
51. A. establish B. purchase C. prove D. attend
52. A. daytime B. weekend C. part-time D. evening
53. A. natural B. financial C. moral D. occasional
54. A. after B. but C. while D. before
55. A. when B. what C. where D. which
56. A. solve B. refuse C. sell D. buy
57. A. for B. on C. about D. with
58. A. with B. before C. after D. without
59. A. temporary B. interior C. intelligent D. terrific
60. A. engage B. take C. expect D. review
2007年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考 英语试卷二
考生须知：
5． 试卷二满分25分，考试时间为60分钟，16：00开始，17：00结束。
6． 试卷二的答案一律用蓝色或黑色墨水笔答在答题纸上，答在试卷上的无效。
7． 宣布考试结束后，请一律停笔，将试卷二和答题纸反扣在自己的桌面上，坐在原位，等待监考人员收试卷二和答题纸。待监考人员全部收齐点清无误，宣布可以离场后，方可离开考场。
8．监考人员收卷过程中，考生须配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证上签字（作为考生交卷的凭据）。否则，若发生答卷遗失，责任由考生自负。
Paper Two
Part ＩTranslation (30 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the answer sheet .
A visa is necessary to apply for entry into the United States. Under U.S. law, all foreigners seeking admission are required an immigrant visa unless they are entitled to receive a visa in one of the non-immigrant categories. The most widely known non-immigrant categories are the visitor visa, which is used by foreigners who wish to enter the United States temporarily for business purpose, or for tourism or visits with relatives and friends.
Part II Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)
Directions: In this part, you are allowed 25-30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words on Increasing Housing Price. Study the following outline carefully and write your composition on the Composition Sheet. .
Title: Increasing Housing Price
Outline:
1. 房价过高的危害
2. 该现象产生的原因
3. 如何控制房价
在职攻读硕士学位全国英语联考模拟题（B） （参 考 答 案）
Part I Dialogue Communication (15 minutes, 15 points)
Section A Dialogue Completion
1----5 C B B C D
Section B Dialogue Comprehension
6----10 D D B A A
Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes, 10 points)
1---20 C C C D D C C B D C
21---30 C C D D C C D C C C
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)
31---40 C B B C A C D A D A
41---50 BA C A D B D C B A
Part IV Cloze Test (15 minutes, 10 points)
51---60 D A B C D B C D A B
Part V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points)
申请进入美同，得到一张签证是必须的。根据美国法律，如果无法证实有权获得一种非移民种类的签证，那么所有想到美国的外国人都必须有移民签证。人们所熟知的非移民类签证是来访者签证。它是想短期进入美国经商、旅游或探访亲友的外国人用的。
Part II Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)
参考作文：
Nowadays, public concern has been paid to sharply increasing housing price in big cities in China, which deserves intensive research and study. Keeping rising expenses on housing has become a big financial burden for common citizens, especially those with low-income. This will result in the decline of living standard and complaints from the mass.
There are several factors accounting for this phenomenon. In Beijing, demand for houses is always increasing. Every year, some 300,000-400,000 people come to work in Beijing from other provinces across China and these people need houses. In addition, many old houses in the city’s downtown areas are being torn down and people who previously lived in these houses need to be relocated.
Several measures can be taken by the government to control rising housing prices. For example, since many low-cost houses and economical houses are launched into the market this year, housing price won't climb very much. In addition, low-rent houses and other housing projects that aim to increase house supply are expected to drag the high housing price down somewhat.